Fiber-optic cables use optical fibers that carry digital data signals in the form of modulated pulses of light. Fiber optic cables are able to carry data for long distances. An optical fiber consists of an extremely thin cylinder of glass, called the core. The core is wrapped in a cladding, which is denser glass material that reflects light back to the core. Fiber optic cable has helped make a lot of the advances in networking over the last few years. The use of fiber cables provides for an increase in the distance data can travel between nodes, as well as speeds that are, well, as fast as light.
There are two types of fiber-optic cables: single-mode fiber (SMF) and multimode fiber (MMF).
Single-mode fiber:
SMF cables are thinner Than MMF cables. SMF uses a single ray of light, known as a mode, to carry the transmission over long distances. SMF cable is more reliable and supports a much higher bandwidth and longer distances than MMF cables.
Multimode fiber:
MMF cabling is made for shorter distances. MMF Uses multiple rays of light simultaneously, with each ray of light running at a different reflection angle to carry the transmissions. So the distance and Speed are less.
Fiber-optic cable supports up to 1000 stations and can carry the signal up to and beyond 2 kilometers. Fiber-optic cables are also highly secure from outside interference, such as radio transmitters, arc welders, fluorescent lights, and other sources of electrical noise.
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